주의해야 할 수동태 - 4형식, 5형식, 지각동사, 사역동사의 수동태

 

 

 

📌 주의해야 할 수동태 총정리

✅  자동사는 수동태로 쓸 수 없다

설명:

• 자동사는 목적어가 없기 때문에 수동태로 바꿀 수 없음.
• 대표적인 자동사: happen, occur, appear, exist, sleep, go, come, arrive 등

❌ 잘못된 문장 (X)	✅ 올바른 문장 (O)
A mistake was happened.	A mistake happened.
A problem was occurred.	A problem occurred.
The concert was gone well.	The concert went well.

 

✅  목적어가 두 개인 경우 (4형식 문장의 수동태 변형)

설명:

• 4형식 문장(동사 + 간접목적어 + 직접목적어)은 두 가지 방법으로 수동태를 만들 수 있음.
• 간접목적어(사람) 또는 직접목적어(사물)를 주어로 변형 가능.

능동태 문장	수동태 변형 1 (사람이 주어)	수동태 변형 2 (사물이 주어)
She gave me a gift.	I was given a gift (by her).	A gift was given to me (by her).
They sent her a letter.	She was sent a letter (by them).	A letter was sent to her (by them).
The teacher taught us English.	We were taught English (by the teacher).	English was taught to us (by the teacher).

 

✅ 전치사와 함께 쓰이는 수동태

설명:

• 일부 동사는 전치사와 함께 사용되며, 수동태에서도 전치사를 유지해야 함.
• 대표적인 동사: look at, listen to, take care of, deal with, refer to, depend on, insist on 등

능동태 문장	수동태 문장
They looked at the painting.	The painting was looked at by them.
We must take care of the baby.	The baby must be taken care of.
They will deal with the problem.	The problem will be dealt with by them.
People refer to this book often.	This book is referred to often.
She insisted on her opinion.	Her opinion was insisted on.

 

✅  5형식 문장의 수동태 변형

설명:

• 5형식 문장(주어 + 동사 + 목적어 + 목적격보어)에서 목적어가 주어로 오면서 목적격보어가 함께 변형됨.
• 동사에 따라 to 부정사가 추가되는 경우가 많음.

능동태 문장	수동태 문장
They consider him a genius.	He is considered a genius.
People believe her to be honest.	She is believed to be honest.
We found the room clean.	The room was found to be clean.
The judge declared him guilty.	He was declared to be guilty.
Everyone knows him to be kind.	He is known to be kind.

 

✅  사역동사·지각동사의 수동태

설명:

• 사역동사(make, let, have)와 지각동사(see, watch, hear, feel)는 수동태에서 형태가 변화함.
• make → be made to V, let → be allowed to V, 지각동사 → be p.p + to V 형태로 변형됨.

능동태 문장	수동태 문장
They made her clean the room.	She was made to clean the room.
The teacher let us leave early.	We were allowed to leave early.
I saw him enter the building.	He was seen to enter the building.
They heard her sing a song.	She was heard to sing a song.
We watched the car disappear.	The car was watched to disappear.

 

✅ 📌 결론

• 자동사는 수동태로 쓸 수 없다 → 목적어가 없는 자동사는 수동태 변형 불가
• 목적어가 두 개인 경우 → 사람 또는 사물을 주어로 하여 두 가지 형태로 변형 가능
• 전치사와 함께 쓰이는 수동태 → 전치사를 생략하면 안 됨
• 5형식 문장의 수동태 → 목적격보어가 함께 변형됨
• 사역동사·지각동사의 수동태 → make → be made to V, 지각동사 → be p.p + to V

 

✅ 📌 연습문제 (빈칸 채우기)

다음 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 수동태 형태를 넣어보세요.

1. A new shopping mall _________ (build) in this area now. *(현재진행 수동태)*
2. This issue _________ (deal with) carefully. *(전치사 포함 수동태)*
3. A mistake _________ (happen) yesterday. *(자동사 주의!)*
4. He _________ (consider) to be an expert in his field. *(5형식 수동태)*
5. She _________ (make) to apologize for her mistake. *(사역동사 수동태)*